Understanding Knee Replacement Surgery

Knee replacement surgery is a common and effective procedure to relieve pain and restore mobility in patients with severe knee arthritis or injury. This guide explains the process, materials used, recovery, and long-term care, offering insight into what to expect.

What is Knee Replacement Surgery?

Knee replacement surgery involves removing damaged cartilage and bone in the knee joint and replacing them with an artificial joint (prosthesis). The prosthesis mimics the natural movement of the knee, helping to relieve pain and improve function.

Why Might You Need Knee Replacement Surgery?

Common reasons for knee replacement surgery include:

  • Osteoarthritis: Degenerative "wear-and-tear" arthritis that damages the cartilage cushioning the knee joint.

  • Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune condition causing chronic inflammation and joint damage.

  • Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Arthritis that develops after an injury to the knee, such as fractures or ligament tears.

The Knee Replacement Prosthesis

The prosthesis used in knee replacement surgery typically consists of:

  • Metal Components: Usually made of cobalt-chromium alloy or titanium, chosen for their strength and biocompatibility.

  • Plastic Components: A durable polyethylene is used to replace the cartilage, providing a smooth surface for joint movement.

In very rare cases, patients with metal allergies may require hypoallergenic knee implants, such as those made from oxidised zirconium or titanium-niobium alloy. If you have a history of metal allergy, your surgeon may perform a metal allergy test before surgery to ensure the appropriate prosthesis is selected.

The Knee Replacement Procedure

During surgery:

  1. The damaged cartilage and bone are removed from the femur, tibia, and sometimes the patella (kneecap).

  2. The prosthetic components are fitted and secured in place.

  3. The new joint is checked for alignment and stability before closing the incision.

The entire procedure usually takes 2-3 hours.

What to Expect After Surgery

Recovery is a gradual process that requires active participation. Here’s what you can expect:

1. Hospital Stay

  • Most patients stay in hospital for 1–5 days, depending on their recovery progress.

  • Nurses and doctors will monitor your pain, mobility, and wound healing.

2. Pain Management

  • Pain is managed with prescribed medications, including paracetamol and anti-inflammatory drugs. Follow your surgeon's recommendations for optimal comfort.

3. Physiotherapy

  • Physiotherapy begins shortly after surgery. Exercises focus on improving knee strength, flexibility, and range of motion. Physiotherapists will guide you through safe movements and stretches.

4. Mobility Aids

  • Initially, you’ll use crutches or a walker to assist with walking and prevent stress on the new joint.

5. Wound Care

  • Keep the surgical site clean and dry. Follow your surgeon's instructions for dressing changes and report any signs of infection (e.g., redness, swelling, or fever).

Postoperative Restrictions

Driving

  • Automatic Car:

    • Right Leg Operated: Avoid driving for at least 6 weeks.

    • Left Leg Operated: You may return to driving sooner, but only after consulting your surgeon.

  • Manual Car:

    • Regardless of which leg is operated on, avoid driving for 6–8 weeks as both legs are required to operate the vehicle safely.

Activity Limitations

  • Avoid high-impact activities (e.g., running, jumping) for at least 3–6 months to protect the new joint.

  • Limit bending, twisting, or kneeling, particularly during the early recovery phase.

Swelling Management

  • Elevate your leg and apply ice regularly to minimise swelling and discomfort.

Long-Term Care

To ensure the success and longevity of your knee replacement, consider the following:

  1. Exercise Regularly

    • Focus on low-impact activities such as walking, swimming, or cycling to maintain joint strength and flexibility.

  2. Maintain a Healthy Weight

    • Reducing body weight decreases stress on the knee joint, enhancing its lifespan.

  3. Choose Supportive Footwear

    • Avoid high heels or unstable footwear that may strain the knee.

  4. Avoid High-Impact Activities

    • Refrain from activities such as running, heavy lifting, or contact sports, which can damage the prosthesis.

Benefits of Knee Replacement Surgery When Performed for Appropriate Clinical Indications

  • Pain Relief: Significant reduction in pain for most patients.

  • Improved Mobility: Enhanced ability to walk, climb stairs, and perform daily activities.

  • Better Quality of Life: Greater independence and participation in enjoyable activities.

Disclaimer

This information is provided for general educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice. For personalised recommendations and treatment plans, consult Naveen your surgeon or your healthcare provider.

By understanding what to expect from knee replacement surgery and following your recovery plan, you can look forward to a more active, pain-free life. If you have questions or concerns, feel free to contact our clinic for more information.